2008年7月7日月曜日

Building Scalable Web Applications から

Disk Seek を意識している。
Oracle などで Create sequence するように Counter 専用のModel を作成して、
increment("xxxx")するようにしたほうがよいのか。


Writes are expensive!
  • Datastore is transactional: writes require disk access
    • Disk access means disk seeks


  • Rule of thumb: 10ms for a disk seek
  • Simple math:
    • 1s / 10ms = 100 seeks/sec maximum


  • Depends on:
    • The size and shape of your data
    • Doing work in batches (batch puts and gets)

Reads are cheap!
  • Reads do not need to be transactional, just consistent


  • Data is read from disk once, then it's easily cached
  • All subsequent reads come straight from memory


  • Rule of thumb: 250usec for 1MB of data from memory
  • Simple math:
    • 1s / 250usec = 4GB/sec maximum
    • For a 1MB entity, that's 4000 fetches/sec


Tools for storing data: Entities
  • Fundamental storage type in App Engine
  • Set of property name/value pairs
  • Most properties indexed and efficient to query
  • Other large properties not indexed (Blobs, Text)


  • Think of it as an object store, not relational
    • Kinds are like classes
    • Entities are like object instances
  • Relationship between Entities using Keys
    • Reference properties
    • One to many, many to many





Tools for storing data: Entity groups 2

Hierarchical

  • Each Entity may have a parent
  • A "root" node defines an Entity group
  • Hierarchy of child Entities can go many levels deep
    • Watch out! Serialized writes for all children of the root


Datastore scales wide

  • Each Entity group has serialized writes
  • No limit to the number of Entity groups to use in parallel
  • Think of it as many independent hierarchies of data







class CounterConfig(db.Model):
 name = db.StringProperty(required=True)
 num_shards = db.IntegerProperty(required=True,default=1)

class Counter(db.Model):
 name = db.StringProperty(required=True)
 count = db.IntegerProperty(required=True,default=0)

def get_count(name):
 total = 0
 for counter in Counter.gql('WHERE name = :1', name):
  total += counter.count
 return total

def increment(name):
 config = CounterConfig.get_or_insert(name,name=name)
 def txn():
  index = random.randint(0, config.num_shards - 1)
  shard_name = name + str(index)
  counter = Counter.get_by_key_name(shard_name)
  if counter is None:
   counter = Counter(key_name=shard_name, name=name)
  counter.count += 1
  counter.put()
 db.run_in_transaction(txn)

increment("test")
print get_count("test")


def get_count(name):
 total = memcache.get(name)
 if total is None:
 total = 0
 for counter in Counter.gql('WHERE name = :1', name):
  total += counter.count
  memcache.add(name, str(total), 60)
 return total

def increment(name):
 config = CounterConfig.get_or_insert(name,name=name)
 def txn():
  index = random.randint(0, config.num_shards - 1)
  shard_name = name + str(index)
  counter = Counter.get_by_key_name(shard_name)
  if counter is None:
   counter = Counter(key_name=shard_name,name=name)
  counter.count += 1
  counter.put()
 db.run_in_transaction(txn)
 memcache.incr(name)















http://sites.google.com/site/io/building-scalable-web-applications-with-google-app-engine

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